To Make the Dough: In the bowl of a food processor, process flour and salt together until combined, about 3 seconds. Add butter and pulse until size of large peas, about six to eight 1-second pulses.
In small bowl, mix sour cream and 4 tablespoons ice water until combined. Add half of sour cream mixture to flour mixture and pulse for three 1-second pulses. Repeat with remaining sour cream mixture. Pinch dough with fingers; if dough is floury, dry, and does not hold together, add 1 to 2 additional tablespoons water and process until dough forms large clumps and no dry flour remains, three to five 1-second pulses.
Turn dough onto work surface and shape into ball. Flatten into a 5-inch disk and wrap in plastic. Refrigerate until firm but not hard, 1 to 2 hours. (Dough can be refrigerated overnight.)
To Roast the Chicken and Vegetables: Heat oven to 450 degrees. In heavy-bottomed 12-inch ovenproof skillet, heat oil over medium-high heat it just begins to smoke; swirling to coat evenly with oil. Brown chicken pieces skin side down until deep golden, 3 to 4 minutes; turn chicken pieces and brown until golden on second side, 3 to 4 minutes longer. Transfer chicken to large plate; drain all but 1 tablespoon fat.
Set skillet over medium heat. Add pearl onions and cook, stirring occasionally, until browned, about 3 minutes. Increase heat to medium-high and add onion, carrots, celery, and salt and pepper to taste; cook, stirring occasionally, until vegetables begin to brown, 2 to 3 minutes. Return chicken pieces to skillet skin side up and place in oven. Roast until thickest part of breast registers about 160 degrees on instant-read thermometer and thickest part of thigh and drumstick registers about 175 degrees, 18 to 25 minutes. Using an oven mitt, remove skillet from oven. Transfer chicken to platter and let rest 1 hour. Set skillet with vegetables aside.
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